Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and conditioned medium (CM) derived from human umbilical blood cord stem cells (HUBSC) are now being extensively utilized. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have the same ability as HUBSC as an option for autologous therapy. In addition, cell therapy using HUVECs may produce protective signals for cerebral vessels and promote neuronal survival after hypoxic–ischemic damage. HUVECs have the same anatomical and physiological structure as bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVECs). In this study, we aim to determine the ability of BUVEC-CM to reduce inflammation and apoptosis on in vitro neurodegeneration models (PC12 and SH-SY5Y cell lines). BUVEC-CM obtained from the third and fourth passages were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), while the other part was used as a treatment for in vitro model neurodegeneration. The PC12 and SH-SY5Y cell lines were cultured and grouped into seven different treatments, including untreated cells. As the treatment group, cells were given TMT 10 µM in the presence of different doses of CM (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%); as a control comparison of recent therapy, donepezil was used. In addition, cells with the administration of TMT 10 µM were run as a positive control. Cell viability assay (CCK-8) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to identify the viability and expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), caspase-3, and caspase-9 for both PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that BUVEC-CM could significantly reduce IL-1β expression and downregulate caspase-3 and caspase-9, as well as when compared to the donepezil group. Taken together, these results indicate that BUVEC-CM can be used as a potential candidate for neuroprotective agents by reducing the activity of IL-1β and the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells induced by TMT. However, further research still needs to be conducted.
Highlights
Neurodegenerative disease is a pathological condition in the nervous system or neurons characterized by loss of function, structure, or both [1]
The liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) analysis of bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVECs)-conditioned medium (CM) demonstrated the composition of the BUVEC-secretome (Table 1) on the third and fourth passages
Neurodegeneration refers to the progressive process of atrophy and the loss of function of neurons, which is present in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD)
Summary
Neurodegenerative disease is a pathological condition in the nervous system or neurons characterized by loss of function, structure, or both [1]. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used extensively in tissue repair, growth, wound healing, and cell substitution caused by physiological and pathological conditions. MSCs derived from human umbilical cord blood stem cells (HUCBs) are more widely used to treat neurodegenerative diseases than other types of cell cultures. HUCB-MSCs will not age with an increase in the number of passages. This therapy with stem cells still requires further research on the mechanism of therapy, immune rejection reactions, and the possibility of tumorigenesis [3,4].
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