Abstract
ABSTRACT: Bacteriophages have been investigated as alternative to the treatment of bacterial infections, including bovine mastitis, in production animals. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated in vitro efficiency of phages of Staphylococcus aureus against S. aureus, which is involved in the etiology of bovine mastitis. Seventeen studies were included and the bacterial lytic activity was extracted using proportion analysis. The lytic efficiency of phages was obtained in this meta-analysis using a random-effects model [significant difference (P<0.05)]. Forest plots were used to graphically represent the efficiency of phages on bacterial isolates. Most phages (e.g., CS1, DW2, ΦSA011, ΦSA012, ΦSA022, ΦSA023, ΦSA024, ΦSA025, ΦSA037, ΦSA038, ΦSA039, ΦSA041, ΦSA042, ΦSA043, ΦSA044, MSA6, Ufv-aur2 to Ufv-aur11, SAH-1, SPW, vB_SauM_JS25, SaPh1 to SaPh6, SA, SANF, SA2, ΦSA012, ΦSA039, phi11, phiIPLA88, phiIPLA35, phiIPLA-RODI, phiIPLA-C1C, SAJK-IND, vBSP-A1, vBSP-A2, STA1.ST29, EB1.ST11, EB1.ST27, Remus, and ISP) were efficiently lytics or infected most S. aureus isolates, demonstrating 80% (P<0.05) lytic efficiency. The phages SA, SANF and SA2, also demonstrated lytic activity or infected the non-Staphylococcus aureus and Macrococcus caseolyticus isolates. In this meta-analysis, we compared and demonstrated the in vitro efficiency and host range of S. aureus phages. Additionally, the phages represent an alternative to be researched to treat bovine mastitis in dairy cattle caused by the prevalent microorganism, S. aureus.
Highlights
Bovine mastitis is defined as an inflammation of the mammary gland and the use of antimicrobials to treat of this disease in dairy cows has increased (GRAVE et al, 1999; MITCHELL et al, 1998; SHARMA; SINGH; BHADWAL, 2011)
Search strategies A systematic review of the literature was performed, identifying studies that tested the lytic activity of phages of S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis
Information regarding the following aspects was obtained from each article: phage isolates, phage family, bacteria isolated from bovine milk, the presence of antimicrobial resistance or resistance genes, and techniques for analyzing the occurrence of bacterial lysis (Table 1 and Table 2)
Summary
Bovine mastitis is defined as an inflammation of the mammary gland and the use of antimicrobials to treat of this disease in dairy cows has increased (GRAVE et al, 1999; MITCHELL et al, 1998; SHARMA; SINGH; BHADWAL, 2011). The penicillin resistance is related to indiscriminate use of antibiotics with the absence of laboratory diagnosis and the antimicrobials sensitivity test to in the bovine mastitis, mainly caused by S. aureus (BEURON et al, 2014). Bacterial resistance to available antimicrobials has increased, including in the veterinary field (PALMA et al, 2020). The discovery of alternatives to control bovine mammary gland infections is critical and therapeutic alternatives to treat bacterial infections, including the use of bacteriophages or phages, have been studied globally (BASDEW & LAING, 2011;ROHDE et al, 2018)
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