Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are essential enzymes for the regulation of pathways mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Secondary plant compounds like anthocyanins (ACs) can inhibit PDE activity and, consequently, may be beneficial for lipid metabolism. This study investigated 18 AC-rich juice extracts and pure reference compounds from red fruits for potential inhibitory effects on PDE 3B activity. Extracts were obtained through adsorption on Amberlite® XAD 7 resin. Based on this screening, the chokeberry, blueberry, pomegranate, and cranberry extracts were active, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 163 ± 3 µg/mL to 180 ± 3 µg/mL. The ACs in these extracts, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside, were the most active single compounds (IC50 = 56 ± 20 µg/mL, 108 ± 6 µg/mL). All extracts comprised high amounts of phenolic compounds, as determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, ranging from 39.8 ± 1.5 to 73.5 ± 4.8 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g extract. Pomegranate and chokeberry extracts exhibited the largest amounts of polyphenols (72.3 ± 0.7 g GAE/100 g, 70.6 ± 4.1 g GAE/100 g, respectively). Overall, our results showed that fruit juice extracts and their ACs can inhibit PDE activity. Any potential health benefits in vivo will be investigated in the future.
Highlights
The increased prevalence of obesity has become a major health problem worldwide
We investigated the influence of 18 AC-rich fruit juice extracts obtained from pomegranates (Punica granatum L.; PG), blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus; BB), cranberries (Vaccinum macrocarpon; CB), chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa; CkB), black currants (Ribes nigrum; BC), elderberries (Sambucus nigra; EB), sour cherries (Prunus cerasus; SC), and red grapes (Vitis vinifera; RG) using a cell-free radiochemical cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) PDE activity assay
The aim of this work was to determine whether AC-rich fruit juice extracts and ACs present in the respective extracts could inhibit PDE 3B enzyme activity in vitro
Summary
The increased prevalence of obesity has become a major health problem worldwide. Numerous polyphenols from fruits, including flavonoids like anthocyanins (ACs), have been studied extensively over recent decades because they mediate various biological effects [2]. ACs represent a class of secondary plant compounds that occur in many red fruits, such as cranberries, red grapes, black currants, and blueberries, and juices of the daily diet, where they contribute to their visual attractiveness. The concentrations differ considerably, but the compositions of ACs in the fruits vary. The different concentrations and compositions are thought to depend on both internal and environmental factors: genetic and agronomic factors, cultivation conditions (light intensity, irrigation, and temperature), as well as processing and storage conditions, respectively [5]
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