Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is one of the most important enzymes in living organisms, which is responsible for the synapse cholinergic and other nervous processes. However, its inhibiting effects have proven to have pharmacological applications in the treatment of different diseases, as well as in the control of insect pests; thus, the search for inhibitors is a matter of interest for biomedical and agrochemical fields. Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which can be seen as a wide degeneration of synapses, as well as neurons, in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and subcortical structures. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition is an important target for the management of Alzheimer’s. Additionally, diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with clinical manifestation of hyperglycemia, due to the ineffective production of insulin that controls the level of blood glucose. Alphaglucosidaseinhibitors could retard the uptake of dietary carbohydrates and have shown significant therapeutic effects in clinical application. Fifty-five ethyl acetate extracts from nine bacterial families from Hainan (China) were evaluated to observe their acetylcholinesterase, alphaglucosidase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Moreover, a screening of inhibitory activity against the pathogens fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was performed. The best acetylcholinesterase and alphaglucosidase inhibitory activity was shown by Vibrio neocaledonicus (98.95%). This is the first report of inhibition of both enzymes by ethyl acetate extract from this strain.
Highlights
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme from the hydrolases group that is present in the majority of living beings, mainly in vertebrates including humans, and on invertebrates such as insects
Among the compounds isolated from marine sources, there are diterpenes isolated from the octocoral Lobophytum cembrane type sp. [5], steroidal alkaloids isolated from the sponge Corticium sp. [6], phlorotannins of the algae Ecklonia stolonifera [7], and piridoacrinic alkaloids from Petrosia sp. sponge [8]
Marine organisms are recognized as a source of compounds with biological activity equal to or greater than terrestrial organisms [21], but there are few examples of systematic searches of compounds with activity Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and AGI among marine organisms, and the fact that there is still great interest in finding novel and better AChEIs and AGIs prompted us to screen 55 ethyl acetate extracts belonging to 9 different bacterial families: Vibrionaceae, Bacillaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Aerococcaceae, Brevibacteriaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Shewanellaceae due to their AChE and AG inhibitory activity
Summary
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme from the hydrolases group that is present in the majority of living beings, mainly in vertebrates including humans, and on invertebrates such as insects. It is located in the nervous system and muscles, and is responsible for the regulation of the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter involved in the Synapse cholinergic nervous system, allowing the nerve signal transmission in the central and peripheral nervous system [1]. Bioprospecting studies in search for AChEIs have been encouraged due to the many different applications that this type of compounds has, either in the field of medicine or agroindustry These inhibitors have been sought mainly in plants [3,4]. [5], steroidal alkaloids isolated from the sponge Corticium sp. Among the compounds isolated from marine sources, there are diterpenes isolated from the octocoral Lobophytum cembrane type sp. [5], steroidal alkaloids isolated from the sponge Corticium sp. [6], phlorotannins of the algae Ecklonia stolonifera [7], and piridoacrinic alkaloids from Petrosia sp. sponge [8]
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