Abstract
Nematophagous fungi, mostly belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, have raised great attention because of their potential use against plant-pathogenic nematodes. In this investigation, entomopathogenic fungi were collected in Taiwan and isolated and identified based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of six nuclear loci including LSU, ITS, TEF1, RPB1, RPB2, and TUB2 combined with morphological data. Two novel fungal taxa are described in the present study, namely, Paraboeremia taiwanensis (Pleosporales) and Polycephalomyces elaphomyceticola (Hypocreales), respectively. Both species showed the ability to parasitize eggs of the rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, in in vitro assays. Size ranges of conidiomata and conidia distinguish Paraboeremia taiwanensis from other currently known Paraboeremia species. Polycephalomyces elaphomyceticola differs from other Polycephalomyces species by producing single stromata, smaller perithecia, awl-shaped phialides, and monomorphic conidia. It was encountered as a parasite on Elaphomyces muricatus. Both examined strains grew and sporulated well on artificial media. Pathogenicity testing showed that they were capable of parasitizing eggs of Meloidogyne graminicola. In addition, our study elucidated the teleomorph of Polycephalomyces agaricus for the first time.
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