In vitro Induction of Tetraploid Roots by Various Pretreatments from Anther of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

Abstract

This experiment was done to determine the optimum conditions for the induction of tetraploidy in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer using bud length, temperature and plant growth regulator pretreatments. Highest callus formation was obtained when the medium was inoculated with flower bud in the size of 2-3 mm in length. The optimum temperature for the callus formation was high when treated at <TEX>$4^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 4-5 days. Among the treatments of growth regulators and different concentration, highest callus formation was observed in combination of 5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L kinetin for P. ginseng. As a result of flow cytometer analysis, all 7 adventitious roots were confirmed as tetraploidys. Cytological analysis revealed that the chromosome number of tetraploid roots was 96, while that of diploid roots was 48. Tetraploid ginseng roots were inoculated to flower bud size of 2-3 mm in length. The callus formation was optimum when treated with 1 mg/L 2,4-D at <TEX>$4^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 5 days. Compared with control roots, tetraploid roots were thicker and longer and had few lateral branches. Fresh weight of tetraploid roots was relatively higher than the control roots.