Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the effects of different combinations of auxin (0, 225 and 450 µM Picloram) and Murashige and Skoog salts (50% and 100% MS salt concentrations, respectively named as ½ MS and MS) in mediate the induction of callus and flowers from immature inflorescences (developmental stages I-9, I-12 and I-15) of the oil palm BRS – Manicoré hybrid. In I-9 inflorescence explants, the rate of callus induction was 17% higher in ½ MS than in MS; while in both I-12 and I-15 inflorescence explants, callus induction was over than 95% regardless of the MS salt concentration. The higher rate of callus induction in I-9 inflorescences was mediated by 450 µM Picloram, while the callus induction rates for either I-12 or I-15 inflorescences were higher than 92% regardless of Picloram concentration. Floral induction was lower in I-9 inflorescence explants (45% floral induction rate) than in both I-12 and I-15 inflorescence explants (floral induction rate higher than 90%). Our results suggest that Picloram (450 µM) and MS salts concentrations (½ MS) led to the highest rates of calluses and flowers induction in younger inflorescence explants (I-9); however, the medium composition is indifferent on callus and flower induction in I-12 and I-15 inflorescences.
Highlights
African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) cultivations in Brazil and Latin America have suffered from the occurrence of lethal yellowing (LY), an unknown-cause anomaly that already devastated thousands of hectares with oil palm
In Brazil, the viability of planting oil palm hybrids in areas previously devastated by LY has been observed, highlighting the resistance of this plant material to LY (Cunha and Lopes, 2010)
In explants originated from I-9 and I-12 inflorescences, the oxidation rates were not influenced by MS salts concentration
Summary
African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) cultivations in Brazil and Latin America have suffered from the occurrence of lethal yellowing (LY), an unknown-cause anomaly that already devastated thousands of hectares with oil palm. The development of LY - resistant oil palm cultivars has been addressed through crop breeding. In this context, the BRS - Manicoré hybrid, a result of interspecific hybridization between the African (E. guineensis) and American (E. oleifera (Kunth) Cortés) oil palm species, brings together desirable agronomic traits, such as high yield, pests resistance, LY resistance, high content of unsaturated fatty acids in fruits and short stipe growth (Cunha et al, 2009). In Brazil, the viability of planting oil palm hybrids (such as BRS – Manicoré) in areas previously devastated by LY has been observed, highlighting the resistance of this plant material to LY (Cunha and Lopes, 2010). The generated plants present high genetic variability, and this is one of the main yields limiting factors in most of the commercial cultivated areas with oil palm (Viegas and Muller 2000)
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