In-vitro, In-vivo Study of Jatropha curcas Leaves Extract, and Preparation of a Nanoemulsion by a Low-energy/Solvent-free Method, In-silico Study of β-Sitosterol in Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by recurring colon inflammation, leading to severe symptoms and decreased quality of life. Jatropha curcas, a traditional remedy for UC, particularly its active component β-sitosterol, is investigated here for its potential therapeutic benefits. Methods: The study evaluated J. curcas leaf extract’s effects on RAW 264.7 cell lines in-vitro, demonstrating a significant reduction in IL-6 production and promising anti-UC properties. In-vivo experiments on BALB/C mice with DSS-induced colitis confirmed dose-dependent reductions in disease severity, colon tissue damage, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, a solvent-free nanoemulsion of J. curcas leaf extract was developed, exhibiting enhanced stability, encapsulation efficiency, and sustained release of active components, offering a promising drug delivery strategy for UC therapy. This interdisciplinary research contributes valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of J. curcas leaf extract and its nanoemulsion for UC treatment. Molecular docking simulations suggest strong binding affinities between β-sitosterol and inflammatory mediators, shedding light on its anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiling further support the development of J. curcas-based UC therapeutics, laying a solid foundation for future studies and clinical applications.