In Vitro – In Vivo Evaluation of Antiurolithiatic activity of piperine from Piper nigrum

Abstract

Background: A natural product is a organic compound or substance produced by a living organism that is, found in nature. Natural products show significant pharmacological or biological activity that can be of therapeutic benefit in treating diseases. Now a day’s Urolithiasis or Urinary calculi or Kidney stone formation becoming very prevalent in the world and it is reported that Urolithiasis is the 3rd most prevalent disease among the kidney diseases. Therefore there is an immediate urge in searching for alternative treatment for urolithiasis. Fruits of Piper longum Linn were commonly called as Black pepper have a long history in Indian traditional medicine and in Ayurveda for the treatment of Gastrointestinal and Respiratory complications. 1-(5(1,2-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadieneyl) piperidine commonly known as piperine were reported to possess many pharmacological activities. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of Piperine on anti-urolithiatic activity in invitro and invivo models. Method: The anti-urolithiatic activity of Piperine was evaluated by using invitro methods like titrimetric method and aggregation assay. In vivo studies were done using male wistar rats. Results: The results of this study proved that Piperine has a significant anti-urolithiatic activity in rats (in-vivo) as well as in in-vitro models. Two test doses of piperine (40,80 mg/kg P.O) are evaluated using urolithiasis induced rats in in-vivo, titrimetric and aggregation in in-vitro models and it showed significant inhibition of crystallization with a significance of p<0.01 and p<0.05 when compared with the standard drug cystone (750mg/kg P.O.) Different serum parameters such as calcium, urea, uric acid, creatinine and urine parameters such as calcium and oxalate are assessed to evaluate anti urolithiatic activity of piperine in in-vivo study. The results were presented as mean±SEM. Difference among data was statistically analysed using One-way ANOVA to determine the level of significance using Graph pad Prism Differences between the data were considered significant at P < 0.05 and P<0.01. Conclusion: In in-vitro method of evaluation, piperine (20mg/kg) demonstrated a significant anti-urolithiatic activity than piperine (10mg/kg) when compared with a standard drug Cystone and in in-vivo models, piperine (40mg/kg) demonstrated a significant anti- urolithiatic activity than piperine (80mg/kg) when compared with a standard drug Cystone.