In vitro hemodynamics of fabric composite membrane for cardiac valve prosthesis replacement

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the hemodynamics of a novel fabric composite that can be used as a substitute for bovine pericardium. The structure is composed of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric coated with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membranes on both sides. In vitro experiments were carried out on two composite valve samples with different specifications and a bovine pericardial one with the same dimension and structure. Hemodynamic properties including the effective orifice area (EOA) and regurgitant fraction (RF) were obtained and compared through pulsatile-flow testing in a pulse duplicator. Using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique, frames of the downstream velocity field in the aortic valve chamber were captured during cardiac cycles. Then, the field of Reynolds shear stress (RSS), viscous shear stress (VSS), and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) at peak systole were calculated. A fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model has also been used to verify the pulsatile-flow testing. Compared with the bovine pericardial valve, composite valves have nosuperiority regarding EOA and RF due to their slightly higher rigidity. However, shear stresses of composite valves were lower than those of the bovine pericardial valve indicating more stable blood flows, which means that composite leaflets have the potential to reduce the risks of thrombosis and hemolysis induced by the mechanical contact between the blood flow and leaflets of valve prostheses.