In Vitro Growth Conditions Boost Plant Lipid Remodelling and Influence Their Composition.

Sylwia Klińska,Antoni Banaś,Sara Kędzierska,Katarzyna Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz

doi:10.3390/cells10092326

Abstract

Acyl-lipids are vital components for all life functions of plants. They are widely studied using often in vitro conditions to determine inter alia the impact of genetic modifications and the description of biochemical and physiological functions of enzymes responsible for acyl-lipid metabolism. What is currently lacking is knowledge of if these results also hold in real environments—in in vivo conditions. Our study focused on the comparative analysis of both in vitro and in vivo growth conditions and their impact on the acyl-lipid metabolism of Camelina sativa leaves. The results indicate that in vitro conditions significantly decreased the lipid contents and influenced their composition. In in vitro conditions, galactolipid and trienoic acid (16:3 and 18:3) contents significantly declined, indicating the impairment of the prokaryotic pathway. Discrepancies also exist in the case of acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs). Their activity increased about 2–7 times in in vitro conditions compared to in vivo. In vitro conditions also substantially changed LPLATs’ preferences towards acyl-CoA. Additionally, the acyl editing process was three times more efficient in in vitro leaves. The provided evidence suggests that the results of acyl-lipid research from in vitro conditions may not completely reflect and be directly applicable in real growth environments.

Highlights

IntroductionPlant cell membranes contain a double layer structure, built mainly by glycerolipids and proteins
The metabolic processes occurring in vitro can deviate from those from in vivo conditions. Research concerning such effects is rather rare, especially in the area of plant lipid biochemistry. To bridge this gap in knowledge, in the presented studies we investigated the effects of in vitro conditions on lipid contents and composition, on the activity and substrate specificity of lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) enzymes as well as on the intensity of the phospholipid remodelling of C. sativa leaves
We have shown that the membrane lipid compositions of C. sativa leaves from in vivo and in vitro conditions are quite different, which might be an effect of the observed discrepancies

Summary

Introduction

Plant cell membranes contain a double layer structure, built mainly by glycerolipids and proteins. The composition of these lipids substantially influences the fluidity and permeability of the membrane. Two groups of glycerolipids can be distinguished: glycolipids and phospholipids. The former is characterised by the presence of a sugar group attached to the sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone, whereas in the latter the phosphate group occupies this position. Galactolipids dominate the glycerolipid pool and constitute up to 85% of all plant membrane lipids [1]. The main representatives of this group are MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol) and DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerol)

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