In vitro germination of zygotic embryos of hybrid BRS Manicoré (E. guineensis X E. oleifera).

Keila A.P Bonetti,Suelen C.S Lima,Regina C Quisen,Marguerite Quoirin

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201620140685

Keila A.P Bonetti, Suelen C.S Lima + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620140685

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Abstract

The interspecific oil palm hybrid BRS Manicoré (E. guineensis x E. oleifera) has superior agronomic characteristics. However, the germination rate is low (30%) and the process is slow when the seeds are sown in a conventional form. The purpose of this study was to optimize the in vitro germination of zygotic embryos of this hybrid comparing seed lots. The viability of zygotic embryos was evaluated by the tetrazolium test (0.075%) for 4 h. The embryos were cultured on MS and Y3 culture media, with and without the addition of NaH2PO4, as well as on MS, MS1/2 and N6 medium. In MS medium containing NaH2PO4, the germination rate was increased from 40 to 70% in comparison with the medium without sodium phosphate. The comparison between the culture media MS, MS 1/2, N6 and Y3 showed that 75% of zygotic embryos cultured in the Y3 medium formed whole plants (with roots and shoots defined), a higher percentage than embryos cultured on MS, MS 1/2 and N6 media (46, 35 and 17% respectively). In the same Y3 culture medium, the embryos were larger (36% ≥ 2 cm and 30% ≥ 5 cm) than in the other media. Results obtained by the tetrazolium test were similar to those of germination, showing the effect of the genotype of each seed lot. For the germination and development of plantlets it is essential to add NaH2PO4 to a culture medium containing no phosphate or with a low phosphate concentration.

Highlights

The hybrid palm BRS Manicoré is the result of a cross between two species of palm trees, the African one (Elaeis guineensis) and caiaué (Elaeis oleifera) that occurs in the Tropical Moist Amazon (Collares 2011)
Zygotic embryos of oil palm hybrid Manicoré were classified according to the four classes of vigor and viability, based on the intensity, uniformity and location of color patterns of the two parts of the embryo
Zygotic embryos (ZE) from seeds of CS 428 and 1139 had a viability of 96 and 73% according to TTC test, while 59 and 90% germinated in Y3 culture medium

Summary

Introduction

The hybrid palm BRS Manicoré is the result of a cross between two species of palm trees, the African one (Elaeis guineensis) and caiaué (Elaeis oleifera) that occurs in the Tropical Moist Amazon (Collares 2011). This interspecific hybrid stands out from the other cultivars produced, because it one of the difficulties of this culture is the availability of seedlings on a large scale, as palms have a single meristem and propagation. It is produced exclusively from seeds (Kiem 1958), which have slow, irregular and often low germination (Meerow 1991). Only 30% of the seeds germinate, which complicates the conventional propagation of palms of economic interest (Angelo et al 2007)

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