Abstract
Eremurus spectabilis M.Bieb is consumed as a vegetable because of its nutritious characteristics. The plants are also used for medicinal purposes, in the cut flower industry as an ornamental geophytes, and in industry as a natural adhesive. The aim of the present study was to improve the in vitro propagation protocol (in vitro germination and bulblet and shoot formation) of E. spectabilis. For this purpose, E. spectabilis seeds were in vitro germinated in four different nutrient media: Murashige and Skoog (MS), Gamborg (B5), White (WH), and Shenk and Hildebrandt (SH). To stimulate bulblet and/or shoot regeneration, hypocotyls of 35-40-day-old in vitro-germinated plantlets were cut into 0.5-1.0 cm pieces, and the resultant explants were cultured in MS media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg L-1) + Kinetin (0.5 mg L-1), Thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg L-1) + 1-Naphthylacetic acid (NAA) (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L-1), and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg L-1) + 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L-1). The best outcomes for germination ratio (57.5%) were obtained from the B5 medium. In the third set of in vitro propagation experiments, 100% bulblet formation was achieved in TDZ (0.5 mg L-1) and NAA (0.5 and 0.1 mg L-1) combinations of MS media, and this was followed by 0.5 mg L-1 BAP-containing medium (81.3%). Shoot formation ratios with the same media combinations varied from 60-70%, and the number of shoots per explant varied from 1.4-2.4 shoots. Further in vitro propagation research is planned with larger bulb sizes to develop a protocol for rooting bulblets and/or shoots.
Highlights
E. spectabilis M.Bieb., a perennial herbaceous wild species, belongs to the Eremurus genus of the Liliaceae family, which includes about 50 species
Plant material and sterilization processes The E. spectabilis seeds to be used in the experiments were supplied from the Gürpınar (38° 8' 20.75'' N, 43° 30' 55.15'' E, 1730 m) in Van province of Turkey in August 2017 (Figure 1d)
The germination ratios of the other nutrient media (MS, WH, and Shenk and Hildebrandt (SH)) varied between 35.0-38.7%, and mean germination times varied between 4.4-5.7 days; they were placed into the same statistical group (Table 1)
Summary
E. spectabilis M.Bieb., a perennial herbaceous wild species, belongs to the Eremurus genus of the Liliaceae family, which includes about 50 species. Eremurus grows on dry and rocky slopes and is quite widespread, especially in Southern and Central Asia including Iran, Western Pakistan, Turkey, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria and the Caucasus (Wendelbo, 1982; Tuzlacı, 1985; Kamenetsky and Akhmetova, 1994). E. spectabilis has rosette-like, bare (non-hairy) leaves tapering toward the tip (Figure 1a). Rhizomes are short and bounded to the root bunch (Tuzlacı, 1987). The roots are succulent, juicy, thick, brownish-yellow and fusiform, tapering again toward the tip (Figure 1b). A hermaphrodite, light-yellow flower bunch is located
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