Abstract
In this study, possible genotoxic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were investigated in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes by using chromosome aberrations and micronucleus assays (MN). For this purpose, the cells were treated with ZnO (1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20μg/mL) for 24 and 48h. In this research, four types of chromosome aberrations were observed as chromatid and chromosome breaks, fragment and dicentric chromosomes. ZnO induced significant increase of the ratio of chromosomal aberrations as well as percentage of abnormal cells at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 20μg/mL in 24h treatments. In 48h treatments, while ZnO nanomaterials induced significant increase of the percentage of abnormal cells only at a concentration of 10μg/mL, and of chromosome aberration per cell in comparison to the control at concentrations of 5 and 10μg/mL. On the other hand, this material significantly increased the micronuclei frequency (MN) at concentrations of 10 and 15μg/mL in comparison to the control. Cytokinesis-block proliferation index was not affected by ZnO treatments. It also decreased the mitotic index in all concentrations at 24h but not at 48h. The present results indicate that ZnO nanoparticles are clastogenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic to human lymphocytes in vitro at specific concentrations and time periods.
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