In vitro free radical scavenging and antidiabetic activity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts: a comparative evaluation of Argyreia pierreana and Matelea denticulata

Venkataiah Gudise,Bimalendu Chowdhury,Arehalli S Manjappa

doi:10.1186/s43094-019-0014-9

Abstract

BackgroundOxidation is believed to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by lipid peroxidation; DNA and protein damage leads to the development of vascular complications like coronary heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. The herbal preparations are complementary and alternative medicines to allopathic drugs which are believed to cause adverse events. Therefore, the current study was aimed to identify the novel plants, which belong to the genera Argyreia (Argyreia pierreana (AP)) and Matelea (Matelea denticulata (MD)), and assess the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts for in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential by DPPH, OH•, superoxide, and glucose uptake and gene expression (GLUT-4 and PPARγ) studies using the L-6 cell line respectively.ResultsThe preliminary scrutiny revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, and glycosides. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic extracts were found higher than those of aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extracts exhibited the superior antioxidant capacity when compared with aqueous extracts. However, the ethanolic extract of MD was shown superlative glucose uptake activity (72.54%) over control (0.037%) and GLUT-4 and PPARγ gene expressions (1.17 and 1.20) in term of folds respectively over cell control (1.00).ConclusionThe ethanolic leaf extracts of both plants showed significant in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities compare to aqueous extracts. The Matelea denticulata ethanolic leaf extract exhibited superior activity. This superior activity might be due to their higher phenolic and flavonoid content. However, further approaches are needed to define these activities.

Highlights

Oxidation is believed to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by lipid peroxidation; DNA and protein damage leads to the development of vascular complications like coronary heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy
Preliminary phytochemical screening The prepared Aqueous extract of Argyreia pierreana (AEAP), Ethanolic extract of Argyreia pierreana (EEAP), Aqueous extract of Matelea denticulata (AEMD), and Ethanolic extract of Matelea denticulata (EEMD) were screened for the presence of various phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and glycosides
The steroids were found absent in aqueous extracts of both plants (AEAP and AEMD) whereas the glycosides were found absent in ethanolic extracts of both plants (EEAP and EEMD) (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Oxidation is believed to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by lipid peroxidation; DNA and protein damage leads to the development of vascular complications like coronary heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Traditional herbal medicines have shaped the basis of human health care, and further research will improve global health [1, 2]. About 80% of the world population (according to WHO) uses herbal drugs for some aspects of primary health care. The natural antioxidant defence mechanism, in all human and other aerobic organisms, prevents the oxidative damage. The natural antioxidants are free-radical scavengers, reduction agents, pro-oxidant metal complexes, singlet oxygen quenchers, etc. They can safeguard the human body from free radicals and delay the progression of many chronic illnesses (such as cancer, heart disease, and stroke) and boost the plasma’s antioxidant ability and prevent lipid oxidative rancidity in foods [10, 11]

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