In vitro fluoride induced genotoxic effect on human blood lymphocyte cells and its amelioration by emblica officinalis extract

Abstract

Fluoride exhibited a significant increase in SCEs per metaphase plate (p<0.001) and SCEs per chromosome (p<0.05). Similarly, cell cycle proliferative index significantly decrease (p<0.001) in a dose-dependent manner in the three fluoride dose groups. Genotoxic indices such as nuclear deformities and frequency of micronucleus significantly (p<0.001) elevated with increased fluoride concentration. Furthermore, nuclear division index (NDI) and cell viability also noticed to be declined in fluoride treated cultures. Cultures with high dose of fluoride co-supplement with amla extract indicated a remarkable recovery in these genotoxic indices as comparable to control cultures. Antioxidant analysis of amla extract showed high free radical scavenging activity with EC50 value of 55.44 ± 0.12µg/ml. Conclusion Amla has a strong antioxidant system to scavenge the free radicals generated through toxic effect. Amla showed an antigenotoxic effect against fluoride and thus has a great potential for the application in medicinal products.