In-vitro experiments on bio-functional calcium phosphate based coatings on titanium dental implant

Abstract

Dental implants are a revolution in dentistry, but certain deficiencies still need to be addressed. One of the most severe threats to the success of dental implants is peri-implant infection. Existing coatings on titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy surfaces rapidly lose antibacterial efficacy, reducing their ability to prevent peri-implant infectious disease. The objective of this paper was to investigate the dissolution capabilities and film properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) based layers on a titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy surface produced with the radiofrequency magnetron sputtering method. These coatings have demonstrated good osseointegration capability due to their similarity to bone mineral matter. The bioactive coating materials are calcium phosphate, zinc chloride, and silver nitrate. Microstructural investigations of coated components were assessed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive (EDX) analysis, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Bacterial adhesion to biomaterials is still a major issue when it comes to medical equipment. Antimicrobial peptides have generated interest due to the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The fact that there are concerns regarding the development of antibiotic resistance due to the development of traditional antibiotics to prevent illness reflects the complexity of the matter.The coated titanium samples were inoculated in nutrient broth and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The samples were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis for 72 h. A standard row containing between 1 * 105 CFU ml−1 and 1 * 107 CFU ml−1of fresh exponential culture was prepared. The plates were cultured at 37 °C and shaken (100 rpm) while the OD600 was monitored every 30 min. After 24 h, Staphylococcus aureus inhibition was higher than 70% in S4, and Staphylococcus epidermidis inhibition ranged from 60 to 70% in S4. Antimicrobial activity was found in the calcium phosphate coated samples (S4) against gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The antimicrobial evaluation showed that titanium made with bioactive coating inhibited bacterial growth and biofilm formation.