Abstract
A disease commonly characterized by the uncontrollable cell proliferation followed by successive metastasis is cancer. Most patients with cancer will have a grossly depleted gut microbiome due to bacterial dysbiosis. Certain probiotic species like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus are more predominant in healthy tissues than cancer ones of humans. Hence, administration of these bacterial species externally in the form of probiotics may help in alleviating the symptoms of cancer-related dysbiosis as well as in enhancing the immune response of the patients. Recently, several models have emerged in cancer therapy relating to probiotics. The various in-vitro assays and methods are MTT & SRB assay, agar diffusion well plate, Antibiotic susceptibility assay, Cell proliferation assay, Soft agar colony-forming assay, Adherence assay, Cellular uptake study, Cell cycle distribution, and Apoptosis assay. Ex-vivo models include- InTESTine system, Engineered probiotics, Ussing chamber, Intestinal enteroids and organoids, Organs over the chip and microfluidic devices, followed by in-vivo models of Immunofluorescence assay, Histological analysis along with protein expression determinations. The ultimate objective for the study is to compile in-vitro, in-vivo and ex-vivo models in cancer research and to bring newer insights to the field of probiotics and its role in oncology. The outcome of this study will allow us to bring a change in current cancer therapy and unlocks the unknown effects on cancer immunology due to probiotic therapy. It also provides potential information on this area for further researches on the same. The impact of this study will serve as a greater purpose in emerging cancer rates worldwide.
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