Abstract
In this study, the in vitro effects of different Se concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, and 100 mg kg−1) from different Se forms (sodium selenite, sodium selenate, selenomethionine, and selenocystine) on the development of a Fusarium proliferatum strain isolated from rice were investigated. A concentration-dependent effect was detected. Se reduced fungal growth starting from 10 mg kg−1 and increasing the concentration (15, 20, and 100 mg kg−1) enhanced the inhibitory effect. Se bioactivity was also chemical form dependent. Selenocystine was found to be the most effective at the lowest concentration (5 mg kg−1). Complete growth inhibition was observed at 20 mg kg−1 of Se from selenite, selenomethionine, and selenocystine. Se speciation analysis revealed that fungus was able to change the Se speciation when the lowest Se concentration was applied. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed an alteration of the fungal morphology induced by Se. Considering that the inorganic forms have a higher solubility in water and are cheaper than organic forms, 20 mg kg−1 of Se from selenite can be suggested as the best combination suitable to inhibit F. proliferatum strain. The addition of low concentrations of Se from selenite to conventional fungicides may be a promising alternative approach for the control of Fusarium species.
Highlights
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, and is involved in numerous biological processes, such as cellular response to oxidative stress, cellular differentiation, redox signaling, and protein folding [1,2,3]
In soil, Se was found to enhance the microbiome diversities and the relative abundance of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB), while reducing the number of pathogenic fungi [28]. These results indicate that Se might serve as a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of certain plant diseases caused by several fungal pathogens [18]
Due to the global importance of both F. proliferatum and the host from which it has been isolated, and because, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted on the effect of Se against F. proliferatum, in the present study we investigated the in vitro effect of various Se concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, and 100 mg kg−1 of Se) from four different Se chemical forms (sodium selenite, sodium selenate, selenomethionine (Se-Met), and selenocystine (Se-Cys)) on the development of a F. proliferatum strain isolated from rice seedlings
Summary
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, and is involved in numerous biological processes, such as cellular response to oxidative stress, cellular differentiation, redox signaling, and protein folding [1,2,3]. Se contributes to the control of water status [9], prevents oxidative stress, delays senescence, and promotes growth [10]. Due to this experimental evidence, numerous studies have investigated Se-biofortification strategies for providing plant protection against abiotic stresses and, at the same time, when possible, beneficial food for human health [11,12,13]. Se effects on living organisms are concentration dependent but are related to its chemical form and its bioavailability [15]
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