In vitro evaluation of the composition and acaricidal efficacy of Urtica fissa leaf ethyl acetate extract against Sarcoptes scabiei mites.

Abstract

In veterinary medicine, natural products provide an alternative to chemical agents for mite management. Inthe present study, the acaricidal efficacy ofUrtica fissa leaf ethyl acetate extract against Sarcoptes scabiei mites was examined. The chemical composition ofthe extract was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The ethyl acetate extract was found tobe extremely toxic tomites ataconcentration of100mg/ml (m/v), killing all S.scabiei within two hours. The median lethal time (LT50) values for ethyl acetate extract concentrations of25, 50, and 100mg/ml against S.scabiei were 1.706, 1.204, and 0.750h, respectively. Themedian lethal dosage (LC50) for S.scabiei was 19.14mg/ml attwo hours. The chemical composition oftheethyl acetate extract was evaluated using LC-MS, showing that the major components were schaftoside (8.259%), carnosol(6.736%), prostaglandinA2 (5.94%), 13(S)-HpOTrE (4.624%), nandrolone (4.264%), 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (4.138%), 9-oxoODE (3.206%), and stearidonic acid (2.891%). Inconclusion, these findings indicate that Urtica fissa contains promising new acaricidal compounds capable ofsuccessfully controlling animal mites.