Abstract
Purpose: The investigation of Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (Equisetaceae) extracts for total phenolic content, potential antioxidant properties, and antibacterial activity against Propioni bacterium acne and antityrosinase effects.Methods: The aerial parts of the E. ramosissimum from Jordan were extracted by maceration and Soxhlet methods, using solvents of different polarities. The composition of the extracts were qualitatively screened using standard phytochemical tests. Quantitatively, total phenolic content (mg/mL, equivalent to gallic acid), ABTS free radical scavenging activity (IC50), anti-P. acne (MIC and MBC), and tyrosinase inhibitory effects (IC50) were also determined.Results: The aqueous-methanol Soxhlet extract contained the highest total phenolic content (0.675 mg/mL gallic acid equivalents). Besides, phytochemical screening tests revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins in the aqueous methanol Soxhlet extract, contributing to the antioxidant (IC50 = 0.125) and antityrosinase (IC50 = 1.125) effects. This extract also showed potent antimicrobial effects against P. acne (MIC = 6.250 mg/mL; MBC = 12.500 mg/mL). Other extracts, including ethanol, water and ethyl acetate, showed lower total phenolic content with moderate and weak biological activity.Conclusion: E. ramosissimum is a promising plant species to be considered for antioxidant, antiacne, and antityrosinase effects. However, further testing (including invivo, histological examination, and highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis) is necessary to understand more about its mechanisms of action.
 Keywords: Antioxidant, Anti-Propioni bacterium acne, Antityrosinase, Equisetum ramosissimum, Total phenolic content, Jordanian horsetail
Highlights
Herbal products have been widely used to treat different skin problems [1]
This study aims to prepare different extracts of E. ramosissimum collected from its natural habitat in Jordan, and to investigate the total phenolic content of each extract, to correlate their phytochemical content with their potential antioxidant property and antityrosinase activity, as well as their antibacterial effect against P. acne
The aqueous methanol and ethanol extracts were the richest extracts regarding their contents of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, and tannins (Table 1)
Summary
Herbal products have been widely used to treat different skin problems [1]. Most patients with common skin problems prefer to use medicinal plants as their first choice due to their relative safety and low cost [2]. Plant extracts and compounds derived from natural products are. The species was authenticated by Mr. Ibrahem. Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN). A voucher specimen is available at the RSCN herbarium (number: E.r-5/7/2017), as it is considered the official authority for plants identification in Jordan
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