Abstract
Otitis is a common condition among dogs and requires appropriate treatment. Given the importance of the otitis externa and the use of products to combat this condition, this study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial abilities of six commercial ear cleaners solutions (EC1 to EC6) and solutions of 3% boric acid, 3% lactic acid, 0.11% salicylic acid, 0.5% chlorhexidine, and 3% propylene glycol against Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., and Malassezia spp. The in vitro diffusion capacity in synthetic cerumen was also assessed. Dogs with clinical signs of otitis externa were selected and samples were collected from the external ear canals. The microbiological study was performed to identify the microorganisms from samples collected and the microorganisms isolated were used in the study. One ceruminolytic for human use and five commercial solutions used for canine ear cleaning were selected based on the diversity of the components used in each formula. The results show a variation of antimicrobial activity and diffusion capacity ear cleaners and its compounds. Lactic acid, chlorhexidine, EC1, EC2, EC4, and EC5 showed the best results for microbiological growth inhibition; boric acid, salicylic acid, propylene glycol and EC6 had little or no effect on microorganism growth. The ECs tested demonstrated diffusion capacity using the SSC. EC1 was the solution with the most significant responses, both as an antimicrobial agent and with regards to diffusion capacity. Among the commercial veterinary products tested, EC4 was found to have the best results.
Highlights
Management of otitis require appropriate topical ear cleaners and prescription of ear drops
Salicylic acid had no action on all microorganisms, boric acid slightly inhibited the growth of only schleiferi coagulans (SC), and EC6 and propylene glycol had low inhibition on all microorganisms
The present study assessed if an ear cleaners (ECs), by itself or as a part of a commercial solution, can inhibit the growth of specific microorganisms, verified by the formation of growth inhibition halos, and if these solutions have the ability to diffuse in a medium that simulates canine cerumen, visualized by the diffusion of oil red supplemented with era cleaners tested
Summary
Management of otitis require appropriate topical ear cleaners and prescription of ear drops. The use of systemic medications to treat otitis is often associated with a low efficacy due to the inadequate penetration of these drugs into the lumen of the ear canal. Most of the topical medications comprise antimicrobial and antifungals agents, and glucocorticoids in their formulations, increasing the selective pressure and facilitating the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains (Guardabassi et al, 2004; Guardabassi et al, 2010). There are different cleaning products with a range of active ingredients including ceruminolytics, surfactants, astringents, antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Ceruminolytics dissolve cerumen and dried debris in the ear canal, while surfactants emulsify debris and keep it in solution, and astringents dry the surface of the ear canal. Anti-inflammatories are often to inhibit inflammation and pruritus and antimicrobial activity limits the proliferation of bacteria and yeast
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