Abstract
Discovery and development of new drugs from marine and freshwater animal remain one of the most challenging areas in recent marine sciences field. Thus, the object of current study to examine the antifungal activity of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) skin mucus. Eel skin mucus aqueous and methanol extracts were prepared with different extract concentrations from 0.49 to 1000 μg/mL against fungus pathogens i.e. Aspergillus niger and Microsporum gypseum. The antifungal assay conducted using well diffusion method. The results showed a dose dependent decrease the fungal growth, at 100µl/well, the inhibition zone of methanol extract against M. gypseum (25.7±0.75) mm, while the aqueous one was (23.3±0.16) mm Whereas eel skin mucus methanol and aqueous extracts showed lower inhibition zone against Aspergillus niger at the same concentration which was (11.1±0.59) mm and (9.0±0.15) mm respectively. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibitory activity against M. gypseum because M. gypseum infect the upper layers of the skin and eel skin mucus protect eels from infections. The results were statistically significant with p < 0.001. In conclusion, the present study carried out to reveal the antifungal activities of eel skin mucus which might be use as a source of antifungal agent.
Highlights
Asian swamp eel, Monopterus albus (M. albus) belongs to synbranchidae family under the order of synbranchiformes (Rossen et al, 1976)
It has been demonstrated that eel skin mucus extract from Asian local swamp eel, M. albus has antifungal activities against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Fusarium species and it was observed that aqueous extract has higher antifungal activity than Phosphate Buffer Saline extract (Nor et al, 2013)
The highest clear inhibition zone was observed in Eel skin mucus (ESM) methanol extract against Microsporum gypseum at 100 μl/well which was 25.72 ± 0.75 mm, while the aqueous extract was 23.31 ± 0.16 mm as shown in table 3.1
Summary
Monopterus albus (M. albus) belongs to synbranchidae family under the order of synbranchiformes (Rossen et al, 1976). The Asian swamp eel commonly found in freshwater habitats such as paddy field, ponds, rivers, lakes, slow-flowing currents, canals, sluggish water, and shallow swampland. It is very hardy and adaptive to adverse environments compared to other fishes, it was reported that it is able to tolerate cold temperature even below freezing and with ice cover its pond habitat. The swamp eel appears to tolerate brackish and saline conditions (Starnes et al, 1998). It has been demonstrated that eel skin mucus extract from Asian local swamp eel, M. albus has antifungal activities against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Fusarium species and it was observed that aqueous extract has higher antifungal activity than Phosphate Buffer Saline extract (Nor et al, 2013)
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