In vitro evaluation of optimized liposomes for delivery of small interfering RNA

Abstract

One of the biggest challenges for small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as therapeutic agents is their insufficient cellular delivery efficiency. We developed long circulating and cationic liposomes to improve the cell uptake and inhibitory effectiveness of siRNA on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer cells. SiRNA liposomes were obtained by polyelectrolyte complexation between negatively charged siRNA and positively charged liposome prepared by a hydration method. Gel electrophoresis was used to evaluate the loading efficiency of siRNA on the cationic liposome. The optimized siRNA liposomes were observed to be spherical in shape and had smooth surfaces with particle sizes of 167.7 ± 2.0 nm and zeta potentials of 4.03 ± 0.69 mV, which had no significant change when stored at 4 °C for three months. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting studies and confocal laser scanning images indicated that the cationic liposomes significantly increased the uptake of fluorescence-labeled siRNA in cancer cells. Effects of the siRNA on the inhibition of VEGF were tested by measuring concentrations of VEGF in cell culture media via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and intracellular VEGF levels using a western blotting method. The liposomal siRNA was significantly effective at inhibiting the expression of VEGF in lung, liver and breast cancer cells. Optimal liposomes could effectively deliver siRNA into cancer cells and inhibit VEGF as a therapy agent.