Abstract
<p><strong>Background. </strong>The edible mushroom <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> is a potential alternative for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes due to their nematoxins and secondary metabolites. <strong>Objective. </strong>To evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> anthelmintic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of mycelium, basidiomata and spent substrate of the edible mushroom <em>P. ostreatus</em> against eggs and unsheathed larvae of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em>. <strong>Methodology. </strong>The mycelium of <em>P. ostreatus</em> was extracted with ethanol–water (70:30) and the basidiomata and the spent substrate with methanol–water (70:30) which were concentrated to obtain the mycelium (MHA), basidiomata (BHA) and spent mushroom substrate extract (SMSE) extracts. The eggs and larvae of <em>H. contortus</em> were exposed to different extracts in 96-well plates. The tests used were the egg-hatch and larval mortality tests. Three exposure times, 24, 48 and 72 h, were considered. The data were analyzed with a factorial design and the comparison of means by Duncan test. <strong>Results. </strong>The percentage anthelmintic effectiveness of the mycelium hydroalcoholic extract (MHA) of <em>P. ostreatus</em> against eggs and larvae of <em>H. contortus</em> were 93 and 96.8% at 12.8 and 240 mg/mL (respectively) after 72 h. Also, activity was observed for SMSE and BHA against eggs, with values of 87.2 and 100%, respectively, at 25.6 mg/mL after 72 h. However, SMSE showed no activity against <em>H. contortus</em> larvae, while the BHA extract showed less than 70% corresponding activity. <strong>Implications.</strong> This was an exploratory study of <em>in vitro</em> tests; the <em>in vivo</em> studies are still needed. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>The MHA extract of <em>P. ostreatus</em> showed anthelmintic activity against the eggs and larvae of <em>H. contortus</em>.</p>
Highlights
Parasitic diseases caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a major problem in ovine farming
spent mushroom substrate (SMSE) extract resulted in an anthelmintic activity at 48 and 72 h of 77 and 87.2%, respectively, on the hatching of H. contortus
For EC50 were not calculated for all the extract because some extracts had a very high anthelmintic activity at the lowest concentrations
Summary
Parasitic diseases caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a major problem in ovine farming. Chemical treatments are used to control parasites. The indiscriminate use of these drugs has generated anthelmintic resistance and contamination of the environment by residues in meat and milk, affecting human health, damaging other organisms and resistance problems Alternative methods of GIN control are currently being sought. Several studies have been conducted with natural products containing secondary compounds with activity against gastrointestinal nematodes (Sandoval-Castro et al., 2012; Macedo et al, 2010; Zhu et al, 2013). Fungi of the genus Pleurotus spp. have shown nematocidal activity, which has been attributed to a nematotoxin (such as trans-2-decenedioic acid; Kwok et al, 1992).
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