Abstract
The resource shortage of Rhizoma Paridis has never been effectively addressed, and the industry continues to search for alternative resources. The in vitro effects on thrombin of Paris saponins and in vivo hemostatic activity of Paris fargesii var. brevipetala (PF) were evaluated in this study. PF is considered to be an alternative source of Rhizoma Paridis (RP). The in vitro incubation experiment was designed to investigate the effects on thrombin activity of Paris saponin H (PS H) and saponin extract in PF. The bleeding time of mouse tail snipping was used to evaluate the in vivo hemostatic effects of Paris saponins. Also, in vivo changes in four blood coagulation parameters in rats after oral administration of different groups of Paris saponins were compared. The effects of Paris saponins on liver function and blood lipid parameters were examined in order to avoid drug-induced liver injury. Activity studies of thrombin after ultra-filtration centrifugation showed that Paris saponins were able to enhance thrombin activity. Ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis results of the substrates led us to speculate that there is a specific binding between Paris saponins and thrombin. PS H and Paris saponins in PF significantly shortened the bleeding time in mice. One pathway by which Paris saponins enhance in vivo blood coagulation is by increasing fibrinogen (FIB), among the four blood coagulation parameters in rats. At the same time, the effects on liver and blood lipid parameters were insignificant. P. fargesii var. brevipetala can be developed as an alternative medicinal source of Rhizoma Paridis.
Highlights
Rhizoma Paridis (RP) has many important pharmacological activities and is used as an important raw ingredient for many proprietary Chinese medicines
We found coagulation did not occur in the inactivated thrombin + Paris saponin H (PS H) group until half an hour had passed, while the other three groups coagulated within 1 min
The Paris fargesii var. brevipetala (PF) saponin extract contained PS H, PS VI, and PS VII.The result of group M+Q suggests that pennogenin, other than PS H, had similar enhancing effects on the agglutination of thrombin and fibrinogen
Summary
Rhizoma Paridis (RP) has many important pharmacological activities and is used as an important raw ingredient for many proprietary Chinese medicines. Brevipetala (PF) was found to be widely distributed in western. Sichuan, where it is an important folk source of Rhizoma Paridis. The contents of PF saponins, mainly consisting of pennogenin, were found to be high [4], and almost all of them were able to meet the current pharmacopoeia standards. Paris saponin H (PS H, Figure 1a) is a main saponin of pennogenin in PF. Since PF is currently not a legitimate source in the pharmacopoeia, the medicinal value of this
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