In Vitro Effects of Dehydrotrametenolic Acid on Skin Barrier Function.

Eunju Choi,Jae Youl Cho,Won-Seok Park,Young-Gyu Kang,So-Hyeon Hwang,Jin Kyeong Kim,Yong Deog Hong,Eunji Kim,Donghyun Kim

doi:10.3390/molecules24244583

Eunju Choi, Jae Youl Cho + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244583

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Abstract

Dehydrotrametenolic acid (DTA) is a lanostane-type triterpene acid isolated from Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae). Several studies have reported the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of DTA; however, its effects on the skin are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of DTA on skin barrier function in vitro and its regulatory mechanism in human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT cells. DTA increased the microRNA (mRNA) expression of natural moisturizing factor-related genes, such as HAS-2, HAS-3, and AQP3 in HaCaT cells. DTA also upregulated the mRNA expression of various keratinocyte differentiation markers, including TGM-1, involucrin, and caspase-14. Moreover, the protein expression of HAS-2, HAS-3, and TGM-2 were significantly increased by DTA. To examine the regulatory mechanisms of DTA, Western blotting, luciferase-reporter assays, and RT-PCR were conducted. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and IκBα were increased in DTA-treated HaCaT cells. In addition, AP-1 and NF-κB transcriptional factors were dose-dependently activated by DTA. Taken together, our in vitro mechanism studies indicate that the regulatory effects of DTA on skin hydration and keratinocyte differentiation are mediated by the MAPK/AP-1 and IκBα/NF-κB pathways. In addition, DTA could be a promising ingredient in cosmetics for moisturizing and increased skin barrier function.

Highlights

Skin is an important physical barrier that protects the body from external threats, such as infections, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and harmful chemicals
The cytotoxicity of Dehydrotrametenolic acid (DTA) was investigated in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells using MTT assays
We compared gene expression with D-panthenol, skin hydration, we first examined the microRNA expression of hyaluronic acid syntheses (HASs)-2, HAS-3, and AQP3, which is a provitamin B5 as a positive drug

Summary

Introduction

Skin is an important physical barrier that protects the body from external threats, such as infections, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and harmful chemicals It maintains homeostasis, including body temperature and moisture [1]. The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and composed of keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, and melanocytes. The keratinocytes constitute the majority of the cells of the epidermis and produce keratin to form the skin barrier through keratinization [2,3]. The most common cause of skin barrier dysfunction is a loss of skin moisture balance regulated by hyaluronic acid (HA) and natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) [4,5]. HA promotes skin hydration and plastic properties of the skin, and is synthesized by hyaluronic acid syntheses (HASs) [6]. HASs have three isoforms, HAS-1, HAS-2, and HAS-3, and are regulated by cytokines

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