Abstract
Essential oils may be effective preventive or curative treatments against several flagelated poultry parasites and may become primordial either to organic farms, or as more drugs are bannished. The anti-flagellate activity of essential oils obtained from fresh leaves of Cinnamomum aromaticum, Citrus limon pericarps and Allium sativum bulbs was investigated in vitro on Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis. On T. gallinarum, the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) at 24 hours was 0.25 microliter/ml for C. aromaticum oil, and 0.125 microliter/ml for C. limon and A. sativum oils. On H. meleagridis, MLC was 0.5 microliter/ml for C. aromaticum oil and 1 microliter/ml for C. limon and A. sativum oils at 24 and 48 hours. Moreover, no synergistic effects were evidenced in vitro. The essential oil constituents, based on their GC retention times have been also identified. The major component is trans-cinnamaldehyde (79%) for C. aromaticum; limonene for C. limon (71%) and diallyl tri- and disulfide (79%) for A. sativum. Even if concentration and protocol adaptations are required for successful in vivo treatments, it appears that these oils may be useful as chemotherapeutic agents against several poultry parasites.
Highlights
OP lantmater ia l ils were obtained by steam distillation of fresh leaves of C. arom aticu m, pericarps of C. lim on and bulbs of A. sativum
A. sativum oil was analyzed with a HP-INNOWax ins trument (Hewlett Packard) fitted with an Easy 1 bonded phase fused silica capillary column (25 m, 0.32 mm i.d., 0.33 pm film thickness) (Avato, 1998)
At 24 hours, the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) cor respond to 0.25 pl/ml with C. arom aticu m oil, and 0.125 μl/ml with C. lim on and A. sativum oils
Summary
The first is commonly found in the caecum of chickens and other gallinaceous birds Some are known to be patho genic, but others apparently are not. This trichomonad or a closely related species has occasionally been isolated from liver and blood samples. Lesions have been ascribed to this monasga llin a ru m and H istom onas m eleagridis aroerganism, no confirmation of pathogenicity has come two flagellate parasites of the lower digestive tract from experim ental infection (Kulda et al, 1974)
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