In vitro effect of energy drinks on human enamel surface

Marise Sano Suga Matumoto,Selma Sano Suga,Mitsue Fujimaki,Raquel Sano Suga Terada,Antônio Carlos Guedes-Pinto,Dayla Thyeme Higashi

doi:10.1590/1807-2577.02118

Marise Sano Suga Matumoto, Selma Sano Suga + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.02118

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Abstract

Abstract Introduction Energy drinks (ED) possess low pH and citric acid in their composition, making them potentially erosive beverages that can contribute to the high dental erosion rates found currently in the general population and also in young people. Objective To evaluate the mean pH and titratable acidity of commercial ED and the influence of a brand of ED on the superficial microhardness of human enamel. Material and method Ten commercial ED were selected and the pH of two lots of each ED with and without gas was obtained. Acid titration was conducted with the addition of NaOH aliquots until the pH 7 was reached. Eighteen human enamel specimens were allocated in three groups (N=6), Red Bull (RB), Red Bull Light (RBL) and distilled water (C), submitted to an acid challenge with the ED, six consecutive times, with 12 hours intervals, during three days. Knoop microhardness was measured before and after the acid challenge. Result All ED brands tested presented low pH levels ranging from 2.1 to 3.2. Regarding titratable acidity, it was found that the amount of base required promoting the neutralization of the solutions ranged from 1200μL to 3750μL. Samples of human enamel in the RB and RBL groups submitted to the acid challenge presented significantly decreased Knoop microhardness when compared with the group C. Conclusion All ED examined have potential to promote mineral loss due to the low pH and high titratable acidity. The ED analyzed promoted significant mineral losses on the dental enamel surface.

Highlights

Energy drinks (ED) possess low Potential of hydrogen (pH) and citric acid in their composition, making them potentially erosive beverages that can contribute to the high dental erosion rates found currently in the general population and in young people
ED it is the kind of beverage that could be included in the erosive drinks category
The evidence emerging from in vitro and in situ studies show that fruit juices, wine and soft drinks can potentially cause dental erosion due to low pH and the presence of acids in their composition[6]

Summary

Introduction

Energy drinks (ED) possess low pH and citric acid in their composition, making them potentially erosive beverages that can contribute to the high dental erosion rates found currently in the general population and in young people. Objective: To evaluate the mean pH and titratable acidity of commercial ED and the influence of a brand of ED on the superficial microhardness of human enamel. Samples of human enamel in the RB and RBL groups submitted to the acid challenge presented significantly decreased Knoop microhardness when compared with the group C. Conclusion: All ED examined have potential to promote mineral loss due to the low pH and high titratable acidity. The evidence emerging from in vitro and in situ studies show that fruit juices, wine and soft drinks can potentially cause dental erosion due to low pH and the presence of acids in their composition[6].

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