Abstract
An in vitro method to enhance the andrographolide production in Andrographis paniculata was developed using colchiploidy. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex. Nees. is an annual herbaceous diploid medicinal plant with 2n=50, belonging to the Acanthaceae family. Andrographolide is the chief secondary metabolite present in plant and has significant commercial value due to its pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro impact of colchiploids on the production of andrographolide. Additionally, we aimed to compare this effect in calli that were in vitro-raised from colchiploid plants with those derived from diploid plants. Colchiploidy was induced with seedlings of A. paniculata treated with 0.1% (w/v) colchicine for 12 h under dark conditions. Callus culture of Andrographis paniculata established from colchiploid leaf explants on 0.8% agar gelled Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 5.0 µM 2,4-D + 2.3 µM Kinetin and 3% sucrose. A significant increase in andrographolide production (2.4%) was achieved in the colchiploid calluses compared to the diploid calluses (0.015%) quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Plants with higher amounts of physiologically active secondary metabolites arise as a result of polyploidy. This method of andrographolide production can be used to harvest andrographolide on a large scale.
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