In Vitro Effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume Essential Oil on Candida spp. Involved in Oral Infections.

Marianne De Lucena Rangel,Sabrina Garcia De Aquino,Lúcio Roberto Castellano,Jefferson Muniz De Lima,Ricardo Dias De Castro

doi:10.1155/2018/4045013

Marianne De Lucena Rangel, Sabrina Garcia De Aquino + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4045013

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Abstract

The present study demonstrates the antifungal potential of chemically characterized essential oil (EO) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume on Candida spp. biofilm and establishes its mode of action, effect on fungal growth kinetics, and cytotoxicity to human cells. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values varied from 62.5 to 1,000 μg/mL, and the effect seems to be due to interference with cell wall biosynthesis. The kinetics assay showed that EO at MICx2 (500 μg/mL) induced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of the fungal growth after exposure for 8 h. At this concentration, the EO was also able to hinder biofilm formation and reduce Candida spp. monospecies and multispecies in mature biofilm at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.05). A protective effect on human red blood cells was detected with the EO at concentrations up to 750 μg/mL, as well as an absence of a significant reduction (p > 0.05) in the viability of human red blood cells at concentrations up to 1,000 μg/mL. Phytochemical analysis identified eugenol as the main component (68.96%) of the EO. C. zeylanicum Blume EO shows antifungal activity, action on the yeast cell wall, and a deleterious effect on Candida spp. biofilms. This natural product did not show evidence of cytotoxicity toward human cells.

Highlights

Candida spp. are commensal versatile microorganisms that colonize up to 70% of dental prosthesis users
The results of the chemical analysis of the essential oil (EO) extracted from C. zeylanicum Blume leaves in the present study agree with the findings by previous authors, which indicate that eugenol is its largest component (68.96%) [38, 41], whereas the other 25 chemical compounds appear in smaller concentrations
The EO at a concentration of 500 μg/mL reduced all the tested biofilm types by at least 50%, except for the C. tropicalis biofilm, which exhibited a decrease of 30.2% after 48-h exposure to EO. These findings suggest that the potential of C. zeylanicum Blume EO to reduce mature biofilm is superior to its ability to inhibit the formation of the microbial community as biofilm

Summary

Introduction

Candida spp. are commensal versatile microorganisms that colonize up to 70% of dental prosthesis users. Four classes of drugs exist for the treatment of fungal infections with Candida: polyenic agents, azoles, echinocandins, and antimetabolites. As oral infections are superficial, treatment includes topical antifungals, such as nystatin and miconazole. One of the mechanisms strongly associated with such resistance is the ability of certain microorganisms to form biofilms. Microorganisms in these communities undergo genetic changes that increase their resistance to drugs and the immune system. In the case of Candida, its ability to form biofilm on biotic and abiotic surfaces represents a relevant virulence factor and is an interesting target of study of the development of antifungal agents against candidiasis [8,9,10,11]

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