Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the direct and indirect cytotoxicity of a porcine dried acellular dermal matrix (PDADM) versus a porcine hydrated acellular dermal matrix (PHADM) in vitro. Both are used for periodontal and peri-implant soft tissue regeneration. Materials and methods: Two standard direct cytotoxicity tests—namely, the Trypan exclusion method (TEM) and the reagent WST-1 test (4-3-[4-iodophenyl]-2-[4-nitrophenyl]-2H-[5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzol-desulphonated)—were performed using human primary mesenchymal stem cells (HPMSCs) seeded directly onto a PDADM and PHADM after seven days. Two standard indirect cytotoxicity tests—namely, lactate dehydrogenase (LTT) and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide)—were performed using HPMSCs cultivated in eluates from the matrices incubated for 0.16 h (10 min), 1 h, and 24 h in a serum-free cell culture medium. Results: The WST and the TEM tests revealed significantly lower direct cytotoxicity values of HPMSCs on the PHADM compared with the PDADM. The indirect cytotoxicity levels were low for both the PHADM and PDADM, peaking in short-term eluates and decreasing with longer incubation times. However, they were lower for the PHADM with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.005). Conclusions: The results of the current study demonstrated a different biologic behavior between the PHADM and the PDADM, with the hydrated form showing a lower direct and indirect cytotoxicity.
Highlights
Autogenous oral subepithelial connective tissue and oral epithelial tissue grafts are still considered to be the gold standard in enhancing peri-implant soft tissue regeneration and gaining attached mucosa around dental implants in the oral cavity [1]
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The test revealed that the viability of the HPMSCs on the PHADM was significantly better (p < 0.05) compared with the viability on the PDADM
Summary
Autogenous oral subepithelial connective tissue and oral epithelial tissue grafts are still considered to be the gold standard in enhancing peri-implant soft tissue regeneration and gaining attached mucosa around dental implants in the oral cavity [1]. Collagenous barriers of a xenogeneic origin have been introduced in peri-implant soft tissue volume augmentation procedures as an alternative to autografts. These collagen-based biomaterials are composed of type I and type III collagens and exhibit a chemotactic potential for various types of cells [3–5]. They have a prominent role in coagulum formation [3,6,7] and angiogenesis at wound sites [8]. Collagen-based biomaterials used in peri-implant plastic surgeries as an alternative to autografts are of a bovine and porcine origin. PADMs are replaced by new connective tissue within approximately 6–9 months, resulting in a complete integration in the host tissue [11,12]
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