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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro performance of collagen-based sponges as a drug delivery system for intracanal antimicrobial administration. Four groups of loaded collagen-based sponges (A, 0.3% w/v amoxicillin trihydrate: potassium clavulanate (4:1); B, 0.03% w/v chlorhexidine gluconate [CHX]; C, 0.3% w/v amoxicillin trihydrate: potassium clavulanate (4:1) and 0.03% w/v CHX; D, 1% w/v amoxicillin trihydrate: potassium clavulanate (4:1) and 0.03% w/v CHX) were designed. Release kinetics were tested in vitro on cultures in Petri dishes, and the effect on bacterial biofilms was studied ex vivo on 114 extracted human single-rooted teeth. Biofilm formation was tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Collagen sponges containing amoxicillin and chlorhexidine showed a time-sustained antimicrobial effect in vitro and were also able to destroy mature biofilms ex vivo. This datum was validated by means of SEM-based study of E. faecalis and S. aureus biofilms.
Highlights
Root canal instrumentation, irrigation, and frequently co-adjuvant intracanal medication are relevant prerequisites in non-surgical endodontic treatment
Intracanal medication, as reported previously, had a high success rate in teeth diagnosed with pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis
The null hypothesis was rejected due to the fact that the results showed that the inhibition halos and antimicrobial effects varies between the different formulations used and the CHX and amoxicillin demonstrate a synergistic character
Summary
Irrigation, and frequently co-adjuvant intracanal medication are relevant prerequisites in non-surgical endodontic treatment. These methods are clinically used to reduce the number of bacteria within the root canal system [1,2,3,4] In this line, several complications that can jeopardize non-surgical endodontic treatment related success have been described, such as the presence of inaccessible anatomical irregularities and the endodontic pathogens’ ability to form biofilms [1,2,5,6,7]. Several complications that can jeopardize non-surgical endodontic treatment related success have been described, such as the presence of inaccessible anatomical irregularities and the endodontic pathogens’ ability to form biofilms [1,2,5,6,7] These two characteristics represent limiting factors in the fight against these pathogens. In these cases, disinfection should be enhanced [8]
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