In vitro determination of glucose concentration based on photoacoustic spectroscopy and chemometrics

Abstract

Noninvasive blood glucose level (BGL) monitoring has recently become a research hotspot in the world. Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a well-established, hybrid and promising noninvasive technique, which has already drawn many researchers’ attentions in recent years due to the advantage of overcoming the scattering light interference. As the preliminary exploration of photoacoustic BGL monitoring, a photoacoustic BGL monitoring set-up based on nanosecond pulsed laser with repetition rate of 20Hz and ultrasound transducer with central frequency of 9.55MHz was established in this paper. To explore the mechanism of the time resolved BGL photoacoustic signal, a series of in vitro experiments of glucose aqueous solutions were tested, the time resolved photoacoustic signals for different concentrations of glucose solutions under different output wavelengths were captured with the data average of 512 times. The peak-to-peak values of each solution were gotten at the wavelength interval of 10nm. Difference with the peak-to-peak value of pure water via subtractive spectroscopy, the characteristic wavelengths of glucose were gotten, and the optimum characteristic wavelengths were determined via data pre-processing and principle component analysis(PCA) algorithm, the calibration equation between concentration and the peak-to-peak value was gotten via multiple linear regression(MLR), and the calibration root mean square error(CRMSE) and the prediction root mean square error(PRMSE) of glucose level is all less than 10mg/dl under the correction equation.