Abstract
Cancer, which is the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases, is one of the most important health problems of today. Discovery of effective treatments and drugs are important in cancer treatment. The COVID-19 epidemic, which broke out in Wuhan province of China in December 2019 and is considered as a pandemic worldwide, affected millions of people. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes this epidemic, affects the lungs, heart, brain, kidneys, gastrointestinal system, ovaries and testicles and various drugs are used in the treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine the cytotoxic effect of favipiravir, dornase alfa and ivermectin, which are drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, on human lung cancer cell line (A549). Favipiravir, dornase alfa and ivermectin concentrations were prepared in doubly increasing doses (0.5-64 µg/mL). The prepared concentrations were tested on human A549 cells. After 24 hours of incubation, the cytotoxic effects of the drugs on cancer cells were detected by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method. The results were given as % viability. It was determined that favipiravir, dornase alfa and ivermectin significantly decreased the cell viability in lung cancer cell line with increasing application doses (p<0.05).
Highlights
Cancer is a health problem that forms a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells in an organ or tissue followed by metastasis to other parts of the body (Jackson & Loeb 2001) and manifested by disruption of molecular pathways (Sivanandam et al 2010, Varkaris et al 2014)
A significant dose dependent decrease in viability of A549 cells treated with ivermectin was detected at concentrations of 0.5-4 μg/mL compared to control, cell viability remained almost constant between 4-64 μg/mL concentrations
Ivermectin was reported to have an anti-proliferative effect on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)
Summary
Cancer is a health problem that forms a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells in an organ or tissue followed by metastasis to other parts of the body (Jackson & Loeb 2001) and manifested by disruption of molecular pathways (Sivanandam et al 2010, Varkaris et al 2014). The complexity of molecular pathways involved in the process of carcinogenesis is one of the most important factors that makes cancer treatment difficult and slows down the development of molecular targeted therapy. In this context, it is very important to analyze the developmental stages of the cancer process properly and to apply the correct treatment for patients to regain their health. In addition to comprehensive public health preventions to deal with this disease, an unprecedented global effort is under way to identify effective drugs for treatment. Favipiravir, dornase alfa and ivermectin are among the potential therapeutic agents used in the treatment of COVID-19
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