In vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of vic‐dioxime ligand and its metal complexes

Abstract

In this study, vic‐dioxime ligand, (1E,2E)‐2‐(hydroxyimino)‐N′‐[(1E)‐2‐oxo‐2‐phenylethylidene]ethanehydroximohydrazide (LH2), and its Cu (II) and Ni (II) transition metal complexes were synthesized and characterized using analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of this vic‐dioxime ligand and its Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes on Caco‐2 heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were evaluated. The effect of the vic‐dioxime ligand and its Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexes in combination with Campto on the cells was also investigated. The cytotoxicity test was carried using the MTT assay, and the apoptotic effect was tested by DNA diffusion assay. Campto was used as a standard anti‐cancer drug, Caco‐2 cancer cells treated with dimethylsulfoxide acted as solvent control, and human peripheral lymphocytes were used as control.The ligand and its complexes exhibit concentration‐dependent cytotoxic and apoptotic behavior. The ligand induces the weakest cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on both Caco‐2 cancer cells and lymphocytes. The Ni (II) complex of ligand induces high cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on both Caco‐2 cancer cells and lymphocytes. The Cu (II) complex of ligand has high cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on Caco‐2, but weak cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on lymphocytes. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the ligand and its Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexes were found to be concentration dependent, i.e. the higher the concentration is the more cytotoxic it will be. The present findings suggest that Cu (II) complex has the potential to act as a promising anti‐cancer compound against Caco‐2 colon cancer cells.