Abstract
The paper shows the effectiveness of methods of somaclonal variability in combination with multiple individual selection for creating new soybean varieties characterized by early ripeness and increased seed productivity for sub-arid regions of Russia and Kazakhstan with cold continental climate. Soybean breeding material was created using biotechnology methods combined with multiple individual selection. Higher regeneration potential of soybean tissues of SibNIIK 315 variety compared to Omskaya-4 variety was revealed. The ability to regenerate is associated with the adaptability of SibNIIK 315 variety, which is confi rmed by the wider area of its cultivation in various ecological and geographical conditions in fi ve regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Tissues of apexes and cotyledonary nodes of R21 somaclonal line differed from the original SibNIIK 315 variety by the increased activity of callus formation, regeneration and growth of shoots. Tissues of regenerated plants passed repeatedly through the regeneration cycle according to the protocol of recurrent regeneration. Due to this, high morphogenic activity of R21 tissues can be the result of autoselection in vitro. The analysis of phenotypic variations in early generations of soybean somaclones showed an asymmetric distribution of deviations by the main breeding and marker traits: duration of vegetation, plant height and seed productivity, as well as dependence of distribution on weather conditions. In a dry year most somaclonal lines had a higher seed productivity, whereas in favourable conditions of a humid summer only every third line was superior to the original variety. This indicates increased levels of ontogenetic adaptation of somaclones in extreme drought conditions.
Highlights
Soybean breeding material was created using biotechnology methods combined with multiple individual selection
Higher regeneration potential of soybean tissues of SibNIIK 315 variety compared to Omskaya-4 variety was revealed
The ability to regenerate is associated with the adaptability of SibNIIK 315 variety, which is confirmed by the wider area of its cultivation in various ecological and geographical conditions in five regions of Russia and Kazakhstan
Summary
Кyльтyра in vitro как источник биоразнообразия для селекции сои // Сибирский вестник сельскохозяйственной наyки. Показана эффективность методов сомаклональной изменчивости в сочетании с многократным индивидyальным отбором при создании новых сортов сои с признаками скороспелости и повышенной семенной продyктивности. Сорта предназначены для сyбаридных регионов России и Казахстана с холодным континентальным климатом. Создан селекционный материал сои с применением методов биотехнологии в сочетании с многократным индивидyальным отбором. Выявлен более высокий регенерационный потенциал тканей сорта сои СибНИИК 315 по сравнению с сортом Омская-4. Способность к регенерации связана с адаптивностью сорта СибНИИК 315, что подтверждается более широким ареалом его возделывания в различных экологогеографических yсловиях в пяти регионах России и в Казахстане. Ткани апексов и семядольных yзлов сомаклональной линии R21 отличались от исходного сорта СибНИИК 315 повышенной активностью каллyсообразования, регенерации и роста побегов.
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