Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy of four commonly used clinical procedures in removing Streptococcus gordonii biofilms from titanium disks, and the recolonization of the treated surfaces. Background: Successful peri-implantitis treatment depends on the removal of the dental biofilm. Biofilm that forms after implant debridement may threaten the success of the treatment and the long-term stability of the implants. Methods: S. gordonii biofilms were grown on titanium disks for 48 h and removed using a plastic curette, air-abrasive device (Perio-Flow®), titanium brush (TiBrush®), or implantoplasty. The remaining biofilm and the recolonization of the treated disks were observed using scanning electron microscopy and quantified after staining with crystal violet. Surface roughness (Ra and Rz) was measured using a profilometer. Results: S. gordonii biofilm biomass was reduced after treatment with Perio-Flow®, TiBrush®, and implantoplasty (all p < 0.05), but not plastic curette (p > 0.05), compared to the control group. Recolonization of S. gordonii after treatment was lowest after Perio-Flow®, TiBrush®, and implantoplasty (all p < 0.05 vs. control), but there was no difference between the plastic curette and the control group (p > 0.05). Ra and Rz values ranged from 1–6 µm to 1–2 µm and did not differ statistically between the control, plastic curette, Perio-Flow, and TiBrush groups. However, the implantoplasty group showed a Ra value below 1 µm (p < 0.01, ANOVA, Tukey). Conclusions: Perio-Flow®, TiBrush®, and implantoplasty were more effective than the plastic curette at removing the S. gordonii biofilm and preventing recolonization. These results should influence the surgical management of peri-implantitis.
Highlights
Dental implants are a treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth, restoring dental function, and esthetics
Biofilm optical density (OD) was significantly lower in the Perio-Flow®, TiBrush®, and implantoplasty groups than in the control and plastic curette groups (p < 0.05), demonstrating elimination of a greater part of the biofilm (Figure 1)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that biofilm colonies were more abundant on the untreated disks and those treated with the plastic curette than on other disks (Figure 2)
Summary
Dental implants are a treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth, restoring dental function, and esthetics. Peri-implantitis is characterized by biofilm-related inflammation of the tissues surrounding dental implants. The term peri-implantitis was first used in 1987 to describe a periodontitis-like disease characterized by biofilm-related inflammation of the tissues surrounding dental implants [5]. Results: S. gordonii biofilm biomass was reduced after treatment with Perio-Flow®, TiBrush®, and implantoplasty (all p < 0.05), but not plastic curette (p > 0.05), compared to the control group. Conclusions: Perio-Flow® , TiBrush® , and implantoplasty were more effective than the plastic curette at removing the S. gordonii biofilm and preventing recolonization. These results should influence the surgical management of peri-implantitis
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