Abstract
The performance, durability, and bio-integration of functional biomedical coatings can be enhanced by changing or improving their substrate properties. In this study, we applied silicon nitride powder-based laser claddings to various substrates and undertook an in vitro assessment of their osteoconductive and antibacterial properties. The substrates included common arthroplasty materials: polyethylene, titanium, zirconia-toughened alumina, and zirconia. Multiple analytical techniques were used to characterize the physical and chemical structure of the claddings after deposition. Partial decomposition of the silicon nitride powders occurred during the cladding process, resulting in nitrogen loss during intermetallic formation phases under some substrate and treatment conditions. The osteoconductive capabilities of various laser-cladded substrates were evaluated in a SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell culture by measuring the amount of bone formation on the coated surface. Antibacterial testing was performed using Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis at 24 and 48 h of incubation. Silicon nitride coating enhanced both osteoconductive and antibacterial properties.
Highlights
Over the past 70 years, three generations of biomaterials have been used in total joint arthroplasty (TJA)
Surface roughness plays a fundamental role in antibacterial properties and for this reason, the surface morphologies were studied and compared before and after deposition
Silicon nitride laser cladding was confirmed to be a feasible technique for the production of bioactive coatings with antibacterial and osteoconductive properties, on a variety of biomaterials used in artificial joints
Summary
Over the past 70 years, three generations of biomaterials have been used in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The first generation was comprised of essentially bioinert compounds, the second generation included bioactive and biodegradable materials, and the third generation is composed of bioactive substances designed to stimulate specific cellular responses at the molecular level [1]. Despite this evolution, biomaterials are still limited to three classes: metals [2], ceramics [3], and polymers [4]. Sci. 2020, 10, 9039 of prosthetic joints. TJA is considered to be highly effective, with success rates of >90%
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