In-Vitro Comparative Adhesion Evaluation of Bioceramic and Dual-Cure Resin Endodontic Sealers Using SEM, AFM, Push-Out and FTIR

Andrea Maria Chisnoiu,Doina Iulia Rotaru,Radu Marcel Chisnoiu,Doina Prodan,Ovidiu Pastrav,Ada Gabriela Delean,Dana Hrab,Mihaela Pastrav,Alexandrina Muntean,Marioara Moldovan

doi:10.3390/app11104454

Andrea Maria Chisnoiu, Doina Iulia Rotaru + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104454

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Abstract

(1) Background: Which are the adhesion characteristics of four root canal sealers: two experimental (dual cure resin based endodontic sealer (E1-DCR) and bioceramic based sealer (E2-BC)), and two commercial (RealSeal and TotallFill BC (FKG Germany)). (2) Methods. One-hundred-twenty extracted monoradicular teeth received mechanic-antiseptic preparation and then endodontic filling using gutta-percha in combination with one of the four sealers. Samples from the apical third were selected from each tooth and were randomly distributed for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and push-out bond strength. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy was made exclusively for experimental sealers. (3) Results. The two experimental materials did not present a significant difference in apical sealing ability based on SEM evaluation. Gaps were identified in case of RealSeal samples and also lower penetration into the dentinal tubules compared to TotalFill BC. On AFM analysis a more pronounced penetration into the tubules was observed in case of E2-BC sealer was observed. E1-DCR registered a lower bond strength (0.7177 ± 0.55) in the apical third compared to Total Fill BC (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions. Within the limitations of the current study, it can be stated that the two experimental sealers’ characteristics are comparable to that of the two consecrated materials.

Highlights

We have developed an in vitro comparative study in order to evaluate the formation of the hybrid layer and sealant infiltration in radicular tubules for: an experimental dual cure resin based endodontic sealer (E1-DCR), an experimental bioceramic based sealer (E2-BC), compared to two commercial widespread resin-based material (Real Seal and TotalFill BC (FKG Germany)) using Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis
Gaps were identified in case of RealSeal samples and lower penetration into the dentinal tubules compared to TotalFill BC. l (Figure 3b,c)
In addition to the issue of micro infiltration, the ability of the tooth to adapt to physiological addition to the issue of micro infiltration, the ability of the tooth to adapt to physiological conditions through a dynamic status of the sealer-dentin interface must be taken into account [25,26]

Summary

Introduction

Achieving an ideal adhesion is a real challenge due to the geometry of the radicular system and the necessity to reduce stress during and after material setting [1,2,3]. Resin infiltration into the partially demineralized collagen matrix is an important factor for mechanical micro retention. Self-etch and self-bond sealants must be sufficiently aggressive to overpass the smear-layer and to demineralize the denting, creating mechanical micro retentions [4]. Sealers’ acidity can be reduced by mineral components of the smearlayer [5,6]. Incertitude has appeared regarding the efficiency of self-adhesive sealers [7] and the need of preconditioning dentinal surfaces for superior adhesion has been indicated [8]

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Discussion

Conclusion