Abstract

Determination of the minimum intensity levels (and/or minimum sonation times) under which ultrasound produces significant changes in living systems is the concern of this report. Basic information on these minimum values is prerequisite for any systematic determination of best conditions for use of either diagnostic or therapeutic ultrasound. Present evidence suggests that bio-effects occur at low intensity-time values when microscopic gas bodies are present of a size appropriate for resonance at the frequency used. Such small bodies (typically only a few microns in diameter) are normally short-lived, because they tend to dissolve quickly unless stabilized against diffusion. In tissues or body fluids it is possible that microbodies of gas are stabilized in small spaces between cells, in “traps” on rough surfaces, or by organic “skins”. In our experiments we investigate the consequences of such possibilities during ultrasonation by use of model systems.

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