In Vitro Characteristics of Glioma Cells Targeting by OX26-modified Liposomal Cisplatin

Abstract

Background: Drug delivery to the brain tumor is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of cisplatin-loaded PEGylated liposomes, targeted with the OX26 antibody (targeted liposomal cisplatin) against transferrin receptor expressing rat glioma C6 cells in vitro. Method: The liposomes were synthesized using reverse phase evaporation method and were conjugated to the OX26 monoclonal antibody. They were characterized in terms of size, drug encapsulation efficiency, morphology and drug release experiments using dynamic light scattering, atomic absorption spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and dialysis membrane methods. Then, their biological activities were evaluated on targeting the BBB. Results: The characterization results showed that spherical nanodrug with a size of 157 nm and drug loading efficiency of 24% was synthesized, which released 64% of the loaded cisplatin after 72 h in a controlled release manner. The nanoparticles caused an increase in the cisplatin cytotoxicity effects by 1.7-, 1.8- and 1.8-fold, compared to cisplatin-loaded PEGylated liposomes (liposomal cisplatin) after 24, 48 and 72h incubation, respectively against C6 cells. Moreover, targeted liposomal cisplatin showed promising results in the transport of cisplatin across the BBB, in which it caused an increase in the cisplatin cytotoxicity on C6 cells by 2.7- and 2.4-fold, compared to cisplatin and liposomal cisplatin, respectively. Conclusion: Regarding the properties of the targeted liposomal cisplatin, it suggests that the potency of the formulation, to be evaluated, for the transport of cisplatin across the BBB, delivers it to the brain tumor in vivo.