Abstract
Bovine whey protein concentrate (WPC) was hydrolysed under pH-stat (ST) and non pH-controlled (free-fall, FF) conditions using Debitrase (DBT) and FlavorPro Whey (FPW). The resultant whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) were assessed for the impact of hydrolysis conditions on the physicochemical and the in vitro antioxidant and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in oxidatively stressed HepG2 cells. Enzyme and hydrolysis condition dependent differences in the physicochemical properties of the hydrolysates were observed, however, the extent of hydrolysis was similar under ST and FF conditions. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) in vitro and cellular antioxidant activities were observed for the DBT compared to the FPW–WPHs. The WPHs generated under ST conditions displayed significantly higher (p < 0.05) oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values compared to the FF-WPHs. The impact of hydrolysis conditions was more pronounced in the in vitro compared to the cellular antioxidant assay. WPH peptide profiles (LC-MS/MS) were also enzyme and hydrolysis conditions dependent as illustrated in the case of β-lactoglobulin. Therefore, variation in the profiles of the peptides released may explain the observed differences in the antioxidant activity. Targeted generation of antioxidant hydrolysates needs to consider the hydrolysis conditions and the antioxidant assessment method employed.
Highlights
Whey is a source of bioactive peptides (BAPs) with a range of biological properties including antihypertensive, antimicrobial, antidiabetic as well as antioxidant activities [1,2]
This study study demonstrated demonstrated the presence presence ofpresence antioxidant activity, using invitro vitro andincellular-based cellular-based
This study demonstrated the presence antioxidant activity, using in vitro and cellular-based
Summary
Whey is a source of bioactive peptides (BAPs) with a range of biological properties including antihypertensive, antimicrobial, antidiabetic as well as antioxidant activities [1,2]. Foods 2020, 9, 582 synthetic antioxidants due to their low risk of side-effects and the fact that they can be included as part of the daily dietary intake [8]. Numerous studies show that whey proteins and their hydrolysates have potential antioxidant effects [1,3,4,5,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Whey proteins may have potential applications as a source of antioxidant activity in the prevention and management of diseases associated with oxidative stress
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