Abstract

Purpose: Cells in a native tissue resides in a unique 3D environment known as the cell niche, this microenvironment filled with cell-specific structural and biochemical cues determines correct cell fate, phenotype, and expression. Cell cultured in 2D plastic dish has shown increasing evidence in behaving differently to native cell niche, unable to provide biomimetic features of the native extracellular matrix. Chondrocyte cultured in 2D specifically were found to de-differentiate with altered physiological phenotype and genetic expression.

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