Abstract
Conventional vegetative propagation is the process in which new plants are grown from a variety of sources, seeds, cuttings and other parts of the plants. Therefore, the conventional vegetative propagation of liberica coffee by cutting or grafting of stems is hampered by the limited number of stem or branches, which can be used as propagating materials. In addition, the tissue culture technique is another method used to propagate liberica coffee. This study aims to investigate an efficient protocol for embryogenic callus development from leaf explants of Coffea liberica cv. Liberika Tungkal Komposit. The explants used are immature leaves of fully opened liberica coffee. The medium used was Murashige and Skoog (MS) composition supplemented with vitamins, 3% sucrose and solidified with 0.7% agar, and the medium pH was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.1. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design, and the first factor was 2.4-D (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 ppm) and then the second factor was BAP (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm). The results showed that the application of 2.4-D and BAP significantly improved the distribution of callus proliferation on cultured explants. The use of 2.0 ppm 2.4-D + 1.0 ppm BAP resulted in the fastest callus proliferation (19 days after culture initiation). In general, the application of different levels of 2.4-D and BAP successfully induced friable with nodular morphology callus on young leaf explant of liberica coffee. It is believe that the callus has embryogenic capacity and will undergo embryogenesis when transferred to a suitable medium composition
Highlights
Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans or the the seeds of berries from a certain coffee species, which has a high economic value, and plays an important role as a source of foreign exchange in addition to oil and gas
Ferry et al (2015) suggested that Liberika Tungkal Komposit (Libtukom) from Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi Province, and Liberoid Meranti-1 (LIM-1) and Liberoid Meranti-2 (LIM-2) from the Kepulauan Meranti, Riau Province are superior liberica clones to be developed on peatland
BAP significantly improved the callus proliferation on immature leaf explants of C. liberica cv
Summary
Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans or the the seeds of berries from a certain coffee species, which has a high economic value, and plays an important role as a source of foreign exchange in addition to oil and gas. The country export rate is about 12% of world coffee production, just below Brazil (19.66%) and Vietnam (18.20%) (ICO, 2017). This shows that Indonesia plays an important role as a leading coffee producing country in the world. Liberica coffee has a distinctive taste of jackfruit, in some regions it is referred to as jackfruit coffee. This type of coffee has become a high priority commodity that needs to be developed in various regencies such as Tanjung Jabung Barat in Jambi Province, and Kepulauan Meranti in Riau Province (Mawardhi & Setiadi, 2019). It is not surprising that the demand for the seeds of superior clone of liberica coffee continues to grow. Ferry et al (2015) suggested that Liberika Tungkal Komposit (Libtukom) from Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi Province, and Liberoid Meranti-1 (LIM-1) and Liberoid Meranti-2 (LIM-2) from the Kepulauan Meranti, Riau Province are superior liberica clones to be developed on peatland
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