In Vitro Callus Culture and Plant Regeneration from Different Explants of Groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.).

Abstract

Callus induction and morphogenesis. from different groundnut explants were tested on MS salts supplemented with B5 vitamins, different concentrations and combinations of IAA, NAA. IBA, KIN and BAP. The explants were hypocotry, epicotyl, axillary bud, cotyiedonary node, immature leaf and immature embryos. The frequency of callus induction increased with increasing concentrations of auxins, the optimal levels being 3.0 mg/l of IAA or NAA and 0.5 mg/l of KlN. Among the explants, immature leaf was found to be most efficient explant in producing callus. Shoots were induced from callus cultures of hypocotyl, epicotyl, axillary bud, cotyledonary node, immature leaf and immature embryos with varying frequencies in the medium containing IAA or NAA (0.5 mg/l ) and KIN or BAP (0.5 - 2.0 mg/l ). Maximum number of multiple shoots were obtained from cotyledonary node explant. The regenerated shoots rooted best on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l of IBA and 0.2 mg/l of KIN. Regenerated plants were norrrlially fertile. In vitro produced plantlets were transferred to soil and placed in glass house and they developed successfully, matured, and set seed. No phenotypic variants were observed among any of the plants produced in these experiments. Thus, this regeneration system offers an additional and more efficient tool for groundnut biotechnology research promrammes.