Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the in vitro callus induction and rapid shoot regeneration potential in Enterolobium cyclocarpum, a plant native to central Mexico but widely introduced into Africa. The leaf, stem and nodal explants of E. cyclocarpum were cultured on full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of Cytokinins - Benzyladenine (BA) and/or Kinetin and Auxins - Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and/or 2,4-Dichlorophenoxylacetic acid (2,4-D) each alone and in combination. The leaf explants did not respond to these treatments. The Nodal explants were best for caulogenesis, while the explant responses were in the order- nodal > stem > cotyledon for callogenesis in MS medium supplemented with BA and/or Kin combined with NAA and/or 2,4-D. The varied combinations induced white compact callus. The highest callus production was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2.7 µM NAA + 2.2 µM BA and 5.4 µM NAA alone. Nodal and cotyledon explants developed callus and multiple shoots on MS supplemented with a combination of cytokinin (BA and/or Kin.) and auxin (NAA and/or 2,4-D). The maximum number of 3.98 ± 0.37 and 2.1±0.11 shoots/explants were recorded for nodal and cotyledon explants on MS medium supplemented with a combination of 8.8 µM BA+2.7 µM NAA and 2.2µM BA+2.7 µM NAA respectively. On the basal medium, 10% of the excised shoots rooted successfully. Thus, this in vitro method can be exploited for conservation and mass propagation of this fast timber yielding tree and also utilized for embryogenesis studies.
Highlights
The anthropogenic deforestation occurring throughout the world has always been increasing, with an alarming rate in the last 3 decades in particular in West Africa primarily due to urbanization, unsustainable logging, agricultural farming and collection of fuel wood (FOMERCU, 1999; Sayer et al, 2010)
The Nodal explants were best for caulogenesis, while the explant responses were in the order- nodal > stem > cotyledon for callogenesis in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BA and/or Kin combined with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and/or 2,4-D
There was no callus initiation with the cotyledon explants of E. cyclocarpum cultured in the MS medium alone i.e. the control
Summary
The anthropogenic deforestation occurring throughout the world has always been increasing, with an alarming rate in the last 3 decades in particular in West Africa primarily due to urbanization, unsustainable logging, agricultural farming and collection of fuel wood (FOMERCU, 1999; Sayer et al, 2010). The gradual increase in deforestation practices for economic and/or social reasons without any simultaneous replanting is a global threat to the sustainability of the environment (FAO, 2005; Odediran et al, 2013). Africa has the second highest rate of tropical deforestation in the world. The tropical forests in this region have declined at an annual rate of 3.4 million hectares between 2000 and 2010 because of degradation and deforestation processes (FAO, 2010; Eleanya, 2014). Received in revised form: 12 Feb 2020.
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