Abstract
Hydroxyapatite-collagen (HA/Col) composites are potential scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. In this work, three-dimensional (3-D) HA/Col (50/50 wt. (%)) scaffolds were synthesized using a self-assembly method and cross-linked with a 0.125% glutaraldehyde solution. Scaffolds were evaluated in vitro by cytotoxicity testing using MC3T3 cells; proliferation and differentiation were studied using STRO-1A human stromal cells for up to 21 days. Morphological and histological examinations showed a fibrous structure with a good distribution and homogeneous HA particles distribution. By thermogravimetric analysis, a ratio of 1.2 between inorganic and organic phase was found. The scaffolds presented no cytotoxicity when evaluated using three different parameters of cell survival and integrity: 2,3-bis[2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl] -2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT), Neutral Red (NR) and Crystal Violet Dye Elution (CVDE). STRO-1A cells were found to adhere, proliferate and differentiate on the 3-D scaffold, but limited cell penetration was observed.
Highlights
Tissue engineering (TE) presents an attractive approach to regenerate damaged or diseased living tissue
Composites based on HA and Col have been shown an increase of mechanical properties compared to Col-like materials[6,7]
The samples obtained by the methods described above were visually homogeneous, with a three-dimensional network and were easy to manipulate
Summary
Tissue engineering (TE) presents an attractive approach to regenerate damaged or diseased living tissue. The chemical composition, controlled biodegradability and biologically functional properties are all important attributes for scaffolds used in TE1-3. Calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (HA; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) have shown good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity[4,5], their mechanical strength limits their use to non-load bearing applications[6,7]. Collagen-based scaffolds can be chemically modified by some reactions with reactive amine, carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups. Those reactions allow the improvement of different structural, mechanical and physico-chemical properties[8]
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