Abstract
Engineers searching new dental biomaterials try to modify the structure of the material in order to achieve the best performance as well as increased migration and proliferation of cells involved in the osseointegration of the implant. In this work we show in vitro test results of the Ti, which was anodically oxidized at high voltages with additionally deposited silver in the form of nanodendrites. The in vitro cytocompatibility of these materials was evaluated and compared with a conventional microcrystalline titanium. During the studies, established cell line of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and osteoblasts were cultured in the presence of tested materials, and its survival rate and proliferation activity were examined. Titanium samples modified with silver has a higher degree of biocompatibility in comparison with the unmodified reference material. Cells in contact with studied material showed a higher relative viability potential, stable level of proliferation activity, and lower rate of mortality. Biocompatibility tests carried out indicate that the anodically oxidized titanium at high voltages with additionally deposited nanosilver could be a possible candidate for dental implants and other medicinal applications.
Highlights
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are most useful and most often investigated metallic biomaterials
Study of Ti surface topography and its properties after different processing conditions of high voltage anodic oxidation was described in previous manuscripts [19, 20]
The anodic oxidation process done at high voltages is very useful in surface biofunctionalization, i.e., formation of porous, rough, and biocompatible oxide [8,9,10, 19, 20]
Summary
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are most useful and most often investigated metallic biomaterials. For providing fast osseointegration and long-term usage in the human body, the implant surface should be modified, i.e., it should be rough or porous, oxidized, and covered by biocompatible coating including calcium–phosphate compounds [1,2,3]. Micro-, and nanoirregularities are useful in biocompatibility improvements [4]. Among many surface treatment technologies applied for Ti, the electrochemical one is very useful, giving surface roughening and new chemical and phase composition, which improve surface biocompatibility [5,6,7]. Anodic oxidation results in the formation of rough titanium oxide, which improves osseointegration. The anodically oxidized titanium-based dental implants are commonly available [14]. By carefully choosing the oxidation conditions it is possible to control the oxide thickness, which is correlated with its color [15]
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