Abstract
Objective Biomaterial research for soft tissue augmentation is an increasing topic in aesthetic medicine. Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are widely used for their low invasiveness and easy application to correct aesthetic defects or traumatic injuries. Some complications as acute or chronic inflammation can occur in patients following the injection. Biocompatibility assays are required for medical devices intended for human use, in order to prevent damages or injuries in the host. In this study, nine HA fillers were tested in order to evaluate their cytotoxicity and their effects on L929 cell line, according to the UNI EN ISO 10993 regulation. Methods Extracts were prepared from nine HA fillers, and MTS viability assay was performed after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of exposure of cells to extracts. Cells cultured with HA filler extracts were monitored for up to 72 h, counted, and stained with haematoxylin/eosin in order to evaluate the cell proliferation rate and morphology. Results None of the filler tested showed a cytotoxic effect. Two samples showed a higher vitality percentage and higher cell number while two samples showed a lower vitality percentage and lower cell number at 72 h. Conclusion Data obtained suggest that although examined fillers are not cytotoxic, they show different effects on the in vitro cell proliferation rate. In vitro studies of medical devices could lead to important implications since these could aid to predict effects about their in vivo application. These easy and rapid assays could be useful to test new materials intended for human use avoiding animal tests.
Highlights
In the last few years, biomaterial research for soft tissue augmentation has been implemented for its application for the correction of serious and slight aesthetic defects or traumatic injuries [1]
Authors report an in vitro study conducted on nine Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers among the most commonly used in aesthetic medicine and dermatology, randomly received in the laboratory
According to the UNI EN ISO 10993 regulation, the L929 cell line was chosen for cytotoxicity assay, cell proliferation test, and cell morphology evaluation by haematoxylin/eosin staining
Summary
In the last few years, biomaterial research for soft tissue augmentation has been implemented for its application for the correction of serious and slight aesthetic defects or traumatic injuries [1]. As medical devices, must be biocompatible by inducing an appropriate biological response in a specific application, without causing damage or injury [2]. This involve an interaction between the host environment, the material, and the function that it must perform. Since a filler integrates with the body, skin, and derma, the interaction of the material with the surrounding tissues could be responsible of many biological reactions. Based on their chemical composition, they can be classified into “biological fillers” and “synthetic fillers”. Herpes labialis, permanent redness, small necrosis, or abscesses
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